Wafer Probe and Sort
Every die is tested while still on the wafer, so failures are mapped and discarded before any packaging cost is spent on them.
TierC
Imported 100%
EntryNot MSME
Qualify30+ mo
Test and Reliability
Proving the part works, and keeps working.
Test is where a packaging line discovers what it actually produced. For automotive parts the reliability burden extends far past functional test into qualification programmes measured in months.
What these figures mean
- Import dependency
- The share of Indian demand for this input that is met by imports today. A percentage is published only where we can state the basis for it, and the build rejects a figure that has none. “Not established” means no sourced figure exists yet, not that the figure is zero; for the domestic picture, read “Made in India today” instead.
- Made in India today
- How much of this input is actually produced in India: none, pilot scale, partial, or established. This is the field to read when import dependency is not established.
- MSME entry capital
- What it would plausibly cost an Indian MSME to enter this input at the smallest viable scale, in crore rupees. Plant and equipment only; it excludes working capital and the qualification cycle.
- Time to qualify
- How long from a working sample to a qualified first shipment, once the line exists. Qualification, not construction, is what usually decides whether an entry succeeds.
- India readiness tier
- Our verdict on whether an Indian founder can realistically enter this input, derived from the four figures above and stated as one of three tiers.
The three tiers
- Tier A: Buildable Now
- Under roughly Rs 5 crore of entry capital and 12 to 24 months to a qualified first shipment. A founder can start here.
- Tier B: Partnership or Distribution
- There is real money here, but not in manufacturing the thing. The opening is in stocking, distribution, purity uplift or a licensed partnership.
- Tier C: Not Yet
- Requires a joint venture, a technology licence, or a multinational’s balance sheet. Worth understanding, not worth starting.
Made in India today
- None
- No Indian production we can identify. Demand is met entirely from abroad.
- Pilot scale
- Made in India at laboratory, pilot-line or single-customer scale only.
- Partial
- Real Indian production exists, but it covers part of the range or part of the demand.
- Established
- Indian production is routine and qualified, at commercial volume.
7 entries
Final Test and ATE
The packaged part is exercised across its full electrical specification on automated test equipment, the operation that decides what actually ships.
TierA
Imported Not established
EntryRs 3–5 Cr
Qualify12–18 mo
Test Sockets and ATE Consumables
The mechanical interface between a packaged part and the test head, plus the consumable parts an automated test line wears through.
TierA
Imported Not established
EntryRs 1.5–3 Cr
Qualify12–18 mo
Test Handlers
The robotics that present each part to the test head at temperature and sort it into bins afterwards. Throughput of the test cell is set here, not by the tester.
TierB
Imported Not established
EntryRs 1.5–3 Cr
Qualify12–18 mo
Burn-in and Reliability Stress
Parts are held at elevated voltage and temperature for hours or weeks to force out infant mortality, and stressed to characterise how the population ages.
TierA
Imported Not established
EntryRs 3–5 Cr
Qualify12–18 mo
Failure Analysis Laboratory
The lab that establishes why a part failed: acoustic imaging for delamination, X-ray for voids, cross-sectioning and electron microscopy for everything else.
TierB
Imported Not established
Entry>Rs 15 Cr
Qualify12–18 mo
Automotive and JEDEC Qualification
The formal programmes (AEC-Q for automotive, JEDEC for the rest) that a package and its supply chain must pass before a customer will accept the part.
TierA
Imported Not established
Entry<Rs 1.5 Cr
Qualify18–30 mo